An individual challenging a private actor for operations that allegedly lead to more climate change.

Cases mentioned

Milieudefensie et al v Royal Dutch Shell plc [2021] The Hague District Court C/09/571932.
Hoge Raas, 5^th November 1965, NJ 1966, 136 (Cellar Hatch case judgement).
Akpan v. Royal Dutch Shell PLC, District Court of the Hague, 30 January 2013, Case No. C/09/337050/HA ZA 09-1580 (ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2013:BY9854).
Complaints against ING Bank by Oxfam Novib, Greenpeace, BankTrack en Milieudefensie

For more country specific context and relevant national climate change law see: https://climate-laws.org/geographies/netherlands

This country report has been produced by Lien Stolle, C2LI Research Assistant, Humzah Khan, C2LI Senior Research Assistant and Kate McKenzie, C2LI Legal Analyst with the collaboration of Carlotta Garofalo, C2LI Research Assistant and Jonathan Verschuuren, C2LI National Rapporteur. This summary is based on Jonathan Verschuuren, “Climate Change and the Individual in the Netherlands” in F. Sindico and M. Moise Mbengue, Comparative Climate Change Litigation: Beyond the Usual Suspects, Springer, 2021.